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Freudian and Lacanian Analyses of Annette Wilson
Shamyl Muhammad Azam
In “Vox Humana” by Ted Morrissey, Annette Wilson (née Gale) emerges as a deeply nuanced character navigating emotional abandonment and redefined identity. Taking a psychoanalytical approach, the source of her inner turmoil, due to a runaway husband and a brother who returns home after a long absence, are interlinked with her self-esteem, suppression and perseverance. The return of her brother Harry and loss of her husband, adds to the insecurities which drove her family to keep many secrets that she was unaware of and thus makes her more emotionally fragile than she had realized.
While the protagonist Harry’s struggles are overtly displayed, Annette’s inner conflicts emerge subtly, providing rich material for psychoanalytic interpretation. Drawing from Freudian and Lacanian theories, this analysis delves into Annette’s psychological struggle to reconcile her past experiences with her evolving sense of self, ultimately exploring how she navigates the delicate balance between her own desires and societal expectations. Through the exploration of Annette’s psyche, “Vox Humana” offers a profound exploration of the human condition and the intricacies of one woman’s journey towards self-discovery and empowerment.
Tim’s departure from Annette’s life has left a significant void that has forced her to reevaluate not only her self-image but also her sense of independence. In understanding her emotional state, Freud’s concepts of mourning and melancholia provide valuable insights. Interestingly, while society expects Annette to mourn the end of her marriage, she experiences a sense of relief rather than devastation. This contrast suggests that Annette has repressed societal expectations and consciously chosen self-liberation over prescribed grief. Her introspection, where she compares Tim’s constant presence to a relentless “plucking at her liver,“ draws a parallel to Prometheus’s eternal torment, highlighting the psychological toll their relationship had taken on her.
Freud’s concepts of mourning and melancholia shed light on Annette’s emotional state. According to Freud, mourning is a natural process of grieving the loss of a loved one, while melancholia refers to a more complex psychological state involving self-blame and a sense of worthlessness. Annette’s divergence from the expected mourning process and her experience of relief instead of devastation indicate a departure from societal norms. It suggests that she has consciously chosen to liberate herself from the emotional burden of her failed marriage, rather than succumbing to societal expectations of grief.
Annette’s reflection that Tim’s presence was akin to a constant “plucking at her liver“ reveals the psychological toll their relationship had taken on her. This vivid metaphor draws a parallel to the ancient Greek myth of Prometheus, who was condemned to eternal torment by having his liver pecked by an eagle. By likening her emotional burden to this relentless torment, Annette emphasizes the immense strain she endured within the confines of her marriage. This comparison underscores the significance of her decision to prioritize her own well-being and liberation.
The departure of Tim from Annette’s life has brought about a profound impact, leading her on a journey of self-reflection and liberation. Contrary to societal expectations, she experiences relief rather than devastation, suggesting a conscious rejection of prescribed grief. The metaphorical comparison of Tim’s presence to Prometheus’s torment further highlights the psychological toll their relationship had taken on her. Through her self-discovery and pursuit of liberation, Annette sets an inspiring example of prioritizing one’s own emotional well-being and independence.
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Models
Dynamic Model
The dynamic model explores the intricate relationship between the id, ego, and superego. In Annette’s case, her id emerges in the form of her repressed emotions surrounding Tim’s abandonment. Although she appears composed on the surface, her fleeting annoyance at Harry’s arrival and her thoughts about how long he might stay hint at her deep-seated desires for independence. However, her ego steps in to mediate these impulses, prioritizing practical responsibilities. Annette takes on the task of organizing Harry’s welcome-home party, preparing meals, and fulfilling her responsibilities as a teacher. This demonstrates her ego’s ability to balance her personal desires with her obligations. On the other hand, Annette’s superego comes into play through her moral obligation to support her brother, despite the underlying frustrations she may feel. Her upbringing and societal conditioning as a dutiful sister and community member drive her actions, even as she grapples with her own personal struggles.
The dynamic interplay between the id, ego, and superego in Annette’s life highlights the complexity of human psychology and the constant negotiation between our innate desires and societal expectations.
Economic Model
This model examines the distribution and discharge of psychic energy, specifically focusing on how individuals allocate their psychic energy in different aspects of their lives. In the case of Annette, she channels a significant portion of her psychic energy into maintaining appearances of normalcy and stability. This can be observed through her actions of preparing for Harry’s arrival and the welcome party, which can be seen as a displacement of her emotions regarding Tim onto productive tasks.
However, it is important to note that while Annette may invest psychic energy into these external tasks, her internal conflicts also drain her psychic energy. She finds herself torn between the relief she feels at Tim’s absence and the societal expectations that she should feel grief or devastation over her failed marriage. These conflicting emotions create a drain on Annette’s psychic energy as she grapples with the internal turmoil caused by societal pressures and her own personal feelings.
Typographic Model
Freud’s division of the psyche into conscious, preconscious, and unconscious levels is evident in Annette’s behavior.
In the conscious realm, Annette is aware of her responsibilities and maintains an outwardly calm demeanor. She can fulfill her daily tasks and interact with others without showing any signs of distress or inner turmoil. However, at the preconscious level, Annette’s thoughts about Tim resurface while she is preparing meals. This indicates that there are unresolved feelings and emotions related to their relationship that are still lingering in her mind. These thoughts may come to the surface during seemingly mundane activities, suggesting that they are not fully processed or understood by Annette.
Finally, at the unconscious level, Annette experiences unexpected moments of contentment after Tim’s departure. This hints at a deeper, unacknowledged desire for autonomy and freedom from what may have been an oppressive relationship. These unconscious desires and emotions may be influencing Annette’s behavior and shaping her overall experience of life, even if she is not consciously aware of them.
Developmental Phases and Complexes
Pre-Oedipal Phase
Annette’s childhood experiences, marked by emotionally distant parents, shaped her need for self-sufficiency. Her father’s British-like detachment and her mother’s grief over his death left her yearning for connection while fostering independence. Annette’s early interactions with her parents, characterized by a lack of emotional closeness, influenced her development during the pre-Oedipal phase. This phase is a crucial period in psychoanalytic theory, where children begin to form their sense of self and establish their relationships with their caregivers.
Electra Complex
During the Electra complex stage, Annette’s idealization of her father and perceived rejection by her mother may explain her initial attraction to Tim, who likely embodied paternal authority. This complex is a concept derived from Freudian theory, suggesting that girls experience feelings of desire and competition with their same-sex parent. Annette’s longing for a strong male figure, combined with her yearning for emotional connection, may have contributed to her attraction to Tim. However, the Electra complex also played a role in her emotional liberation after Tim’s departure, as she was able to explore her own identity and desires outside of the influence of a dominant male figure.
Castration Complex
Annette’s lack of dependence on Tim and her ability to manage her household suggest that she has overcome fears of losing male support, symbolically associated with castration anxiety in Freudian theory. In Annette’s case, it can be understood as her ability to navigate her life without relying on male validation or support. This suggests that she has developed a sense of independence and self-sufficiency, overcoming the anxieties associated with the castration complex.
Understanding the impact of developmental phases and complexes provides insights into Annette’s behavior and psychological development. These concepts help us comprehend how her early experiences shaped her sense of self, her relationships, and her ability to navigate challenges in her life. By analyzing the pre-Oedipal phase, Electra complex, and castration complex, we gain a deeper understanding of Annette’s journey towards emotional liberation and self-actualization.
Lacan’s Psychoanalytic Model
The Imaginary Order
Annette’s initial reliance on Tim reflects the Imaginary, a psychological concept where relationships are idealized and shaped by one’s fantasies and desires. In her perception, Tim was more than just a partner – he represented a symbol of stability, love, and security. However, this illusion was shattered when Tim unexpectedly abandoned her, leaving her feeling betrayed and emotionally devastated. The sudden absence of Tim in her life forced Annette to confront the harsh reality that her idealized relationship was nothing more than a figment of her imagination. Surprisingly, instead of feeling completely crushed by his departure, Annette experienced a sense of relief. This relief can be seen as a significant indication of her transition away from the idealized order of the Imaginary. It signifies a shift towards acknowledging the imperfections and complexities of real-life relationships, and perhaps even a step towards a more authentic and grounded understanding of love and connection.
Annette’s Caretaking Role
Annette’s readiness to care for Harry reflects her deep sense of duty and strong maternal instinct, which can be traced back to her unresolved familial dynamics. It is evident that her relationship with Harry aligns with Lacan’s mirror stage theory, as caring for him mirrors her own need for stability and purpose. By taking on the responsibility of caring for Harry, Annette seeks to impose order and structure on her disrupted life. However, this endeavor is met with challenges due to Harry’s detached demeanor and unresolved trauma. This creates a complex dynamic between them, where Annette’s nurturing instincts clash with Harry’s emotional unavailability. Despite her best efforts, Annette finds herself grappling with how to best support Harry and provide the care he needs while also addressing her own emotional needs and desires. It is through this intricate interplay of duty, maternal instinct, and unresolved dynamics that Annette’s journey with Harry unfolds, shaping their relationship and personal growth.
The Symbolic Order
The Symbolic is a phase in Annette’s life where she fully integrates into societal structures and norms. Her decision to host Harry and organize the welcome party demonstrates her alignment with societal expectations of duty and family. This choice reflects her desire to fulfill her responsibilities. However, the Symbolic also presents challenges for Annette, as it places constraints on her individuality. She feels the pressure to conform to the image of a grieving wife, which can be stifling and restrict her personal expression. Despite these constraints, Annette navigates the Symbolic phase with grace and resilience, finding ways to balance societal expectations with her own desires and aspirations.
Repression and Societal Expectations
Annette’s role as a teacher at a local high school and her active involvement in various community events and organizations reflect her adherence to societal norms of productivity and community engagement. She is known for her dedication to her students and her efforts to create a supportive and inclusive learning environment. Recently, Annette took on the responsibility of organizing a welcome-home party for Harry, her brother and a beloved member of the community who had been away for an extended period.
This further demonstrates her commitment to fostering a sense of unity and celebration within her community. However, beneath her external engagement and seemingly content disposition, Annette’s internal thoughts reveal a sense of dissonance. She finds herself questioning whether she should feel devastated by Tim’s sudden departure, or concerned about Harry’s prolonged stay, as she recognizes the significance of his absence from the community. These contradictions highlight Freud’s notion of repression, suggesting that Annette may be suppressing her true emotions to maintain an outward appearance of normalcy. By prioritizing social expectations over personal catharsis, Annette effectively conceals her inner turmoil, keeping her true thoughts and feelings hidden from those around her.
The Real
The Real represents the unrepresentable aspects of human experience. It delves into the raw, often traumatic truths of existence that resist being fully captured or articulated. In the case of Annette, her moments of introspection shed light on her engagement with the Real. Specifically, her reflections on Tim’s absence and her suppressed contentment provide glimpses into her struggle with the ineffable aspects of life. Through these moments, Annette grapples with her own feelings of alienation and begins to question her purpose beyond the roles assigned to her by family and society. This underlying order in her narrative serves as a reminder of the unresolved emotions and existential inquiries that shape her journey.
Self-Discovery and Independence
Throughout the story, Annette, begins to acknowledge her own desires and emotions. As a devoted wife and caretaker for many years, she has always put the needs of others before her own. However, with the absence of her husband, Tim, she is forced to confront her own feelings and desires. At first, Annette feels inadequate and lost without Tim, unsure of who she is outside the framework of being a wife and caretaker. However, as time goes on, she begins to experience a newfound sense of freedom and independence. She starts to question the expectations placed on her by society and those around her. This introspection leads her to explore her own identity and desires, separate from her role as a wife and caretaker. Annette’s contemplation of her new identity outside of traditional roles reflects Lacan’s concept of the desire of the Other. She begins to understand that her own desires and needs are just as important as those of others. This gradual move toward self-realization allows Annette to attribute meaning to her life on her own terms, breaking free from the confines of others’ expectations and embracing her own journey of self-discovery and independence.
Symbolism and Transformation
The spare bedroom, once Tim’s, becomes a symbolic space for Annette’s transition. Initially used as a “what-not room,” filled with random items and clutter, it transforms into Harry’s space, representing her willingness to let go of the past and adapt to new circumstances. As Annette carefully arranges the room with Harry’s belongings, a sense of renewal and fresh beginnings permeates the air. However, amidst the excitement of this transformation, her thoughts about how long Harry will stay reveal a subconscious desire for boundaries and autonomy. She wonders if this newfound independence will be short-lived, raising questions about her own needs and how they fit into this evolving dynamic. This introspection speaks to her growing awareness of self, as Annette navigates the delicate balance between embracing change and ensuring her own well-being.
Conclusion
Annette Gale’s character is a poignant study of resilience and self-discovery. Through the lenses of Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalysis, her journey highlights the complexities of identity formation amidst trauma and change. Annette’s experiences have shaped her understanding of herself and her relationships with others. By applying Freud’s and Lacan’s psychoanalytic frameworks, we uncover the complexity of Annette Gale’s character in Vox Humana. Her conscious actions, such as fulfilling her duties and responsibilities, are shaped by societal expectations and the roles she has adopted. However, beneath the surface, Annette harbors unconscious desires for autonomy and personal freedom, which reveal her inner conflict and struggle for self-realization.
Lacan’s model of psychoanalysis further emphasizes Annette’s journey from idealized dependency to a more authentic sense of self. As she navigates the Symbolic realm, which represents the social and cultural constructs that shape our identities, Annette confronts the Real, the raw and unfiltered aspects of human existence that challenge these constructs. This confrontation forces her to question and reevaluate her beliefs, desires, and the roles she has assumed.
Annette’s journey in “Vox Humana” serves as a profound exploration of the intricate interplay between societal expectations, personal freedom, and psychological growth. It delves into the complexities of the human psyche and highlights the universal struggle to balance one’s individual desires and aspirations with the demands of society. Through Freud’s and Lacan’s psychoanalytic lenses, we gain a deeper understanding of Annette’s character and the internal conflicts that drive her actions, ultimately providing us with a nuanced portrayal of the human experience.
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Shamyl Muhammad Azam is a dedicated and accomplished student in his final semester of the BS English program at the National University of Modern Languages (NUML) in Islamabad. Throughout his academic tenure, he has consistently demonstrated a keen interest in literature and language, cultivating a strong foundation in critical thinking, writing, and communication. In addition to his academic pursuits, Shamyl has established himself as a published writer, having contributed articles to The Counsel Pakistan magazine, an accomplishment that showcases his exceptional writing skills, creativity, and ability to engage diverse audiences.
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